Pressure sores, also known as pressure ulcers, are skin lesions that develop due to prolonged pressure on certain areas of the body. They are common in people with reduced mobility or who spend long periods in bed. To prevent and help treat these lesions, it is essential to have an appropriate mattress. Here is what you should consider when choosing an anti-pressure sore mattress:
1. Risk Level:
Assess the patient’s risk level for developing pressure sores.
There are specific scales, such as the Braden Scale, that help determine this risk.
PRESSURE ULCER DEVELOPMENT RISK ASSESSMENT SCALE
BRADEN ASSESSMENT SCALE
The Braden Scale is a widely used tool for assessing the risk of developing pressure ulcers (PU) in hospitalised patients. The scale evaluates six domains, and each domain has its own point scale. Scores range from 6 (very high risk of developing PU) to 23 (low risk).
| Domain | Description | Score |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Sensory perception | Ability to respond to pressure-related stimuli | 1 to 4 points |
| Completely limited | 1 point | |
| Very limited | 2 points | |
| Slightly limited | 3 points | |
| No limitation | 4 points | |
| 2. Moisture | Degree to which the skin is exposed to moisture | 1 to 4 points |
| Constantly moist | 1 point | |
| Very moist | 2 points | |
| Occasionally moist | 3 points | |
| Rarely moist | 4 points | |
| 3. Activity | Degree of physical activity | 1 to 4 points |
| Bedfast | 1 point | |
| Chairfast | 2 points | |
| Walks occasionally | 3 points | |
| Walks frequently | 4 points | |
| 4. Mobility | Ability to change and control body position | 1 to 4 points |
| Completely immobile | 1 point | |
| Very limited | 2 points | |
| Slightly limited | 3 points | |
| No limitation | 4 points | |
| 5. Nutrition | Usual dietary intake pattern | 1 to 4 points |
| Very poor | 1 point | |
| Probably inadequate | 2 points | |
| Adequate | 3 points | |
| Excellent | 4 points | |
| 6. Friction and shear | Ability of the skin to resist wear and injury due to movement | 1 to 3 points |
| Significant problem | 1 point | |
| Potential problem | 2 points | |
| No apparent problem | 3 points |
Interpretation of total score:
- Very high risk: 6-9 points
- High risk: 10-12 points
- Moderate risk: 13-14 points
- Low risk: 15-18 points
- Very low risk: 19-23 points
Please note that the interpretation of the score may vary depending on the institution or the literature. Clinical assessment and the judgement of the healthcare professional are fundamental when using this tool.
2. Type of Mattress:
- Foam: These are the most common and most affordable. High-density foam distributes body weight evenly, reducing pressure points.
- Alternating Air: These are inflatable mattresses made up of several cells that alternately inflate and deflate. This allows for regular pressure redistribution. They are especially recommended for people at high risk of pressure sores.
- Water or Gel: These help distribute pressure and are cool, which can be beneficial for those who perspire heavily.
A – Grade 0 – Skin in good condition.
B – Grade 1 – Non-blanchable erythema.
C – Grade 2 – Partial thickness skin loss.
D – Grade 3 – Full thickness skin loss.
E – Grade 4 – Full thickness tissue loss.
3. Additional Features:
- Waterproof cover: Essential for preventing liquid from seeping in and for easy cleaning.
- Antibacterial: Reduces the risk of infections at the site of pressure sores.
- Temperature regulation: Helps keep the skin cool and prevents excessive perspiration.
4. Budget:
Although quality and effectiveness are essential, the available budget must be taken into account. In some cases, anti-pressure sore mattresses can be rented, which is a more affordable short-term option.
5. Consult a Professional:
Before making your choice, consult a doctor or occupational therapist. They will be able to guide you in choosing the most appropriate option for the patient.
